Cheyenne, Wyoming
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| Cheyenne, Wyoming | ||
|---|---|---|
| State Capital | ||
| City of Cheyenne | ||
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| Nickname(s): Magic City of the Plains; Capital City (of Wyoming); The Frontier City | ||
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| Coordinates: 41°8′44″N 104°48′7″W / 41.14556°N 104.80194°WCoordinates: 41°8′44″N 104°48′7″W / 41.14556°N 104.80194°W | ||
| Country | United States | |
| State | Wyoming | |
| County | Laramie | |
| Founded | 1867 | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor | Richard Kaysen[1] | |
| Area[2] | ||
| • City | 24.63 sq mi (63.79 km2) | |
| • Land | 24.52 sq mi (63.51 km2) | |
| • Water | 0.11 sq mi (0.28 km2) 0.45% | |
| Elevation | 6,062 ft (1,848 m) | |
| Population (2010)[3] | ||
| • City | 59,466 | |
| • Estimate (2012[4]) | 61,537 | |
| • Density | 2,425.2/sq mi (936.4/km2) | |
| • Urban | 71,775 | |
| • Metro | 91,738 | |
| Time zone | Mountain (UTC-7) | |
| • Summer (DST) | Mountain (UTC-6) | |
| Area code(s) | 307 | |
| FIPS code | 56-13900[5] | |
| GNIS feature ID | 1609077[6] | |
| Website | www.cheyennecity.org | |
Cheyenne (/ʃaɪˈæn/ shy-AN or /ʃaɪˈɛn/) (Arapaho: Hítesííno'óowú' [7]) is the capital and most populous city of the US state of Wyoming and the county seat of Laramie County.[8] It is the principal city of the Cheyenne, Wyoming, Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Laramie County. The population was 59,466 at the 2010 census.[9] Cheyenne is the northern terminus of the extensive and fast-growing Front Range Urban Corridor that stretches from Cheyenne to Pueblo, Colorado, and has a population of 5,467,633 according to the 2010 United States Census.[3][10] Cheyenne is situated on Crow Creek and Dry Creek. The Cheyenne, Wyoming Metropolitan Area had a 2010 population of 91,738, making it the 354th most populous metropolitan area in the United States.
Contents
[show]History[edit]
On July 5, 1867, General Grenville M. Dodge and his survey crew platted the site now known as Cheyenne in Dakota Territory (later Wyoming Territory). This site was chosen as the point at which the Union Pacific Railroad crossed Crow Creek, a tributary of the South Platte River. The city was not named by Dodge, as his memoirs state, but rather by friends who accompanied him to the area Dodge called "Crow Creek Crossing[citation needed]." It was named for the American Indian Cheyenne nation, one of the most famous and prominent Great Plains tribes closely allied with the Arapaho.
The construction of the Union Pacific Railroad brought hopes of prosperity to the region when it reached Cheyenne on November 13, 1867. The population at the time numbered over 4,000[citation needed], and grew rapidly. This rapid growth earned the city the nickname "Magic City of the Plains[citation needed]."
1867 also saw the establishment of Fort D. A. Russell, 3 miles west of the city. The fort was later renamed Francis E. Warren Air Force Base.
The Wyoming Stock Growers Association met at The Cheyenne Club, which allegedly acted as an interim government for the territory. Many of the WSGA's rules and regulations became state laws.
The Wyoming State Capitol was constructed between 1886 and 1890, with further improvements being completed in 1917.
The Cheyenne Regional Airport was opened in 1920, initially serving as a stop for airmail. It soon developed into a civil-military airport, serving DC-3s and various military craft. During World War II, hundreds of B-17s, B-24s, and PBYs were outfitted and upgraded at the airfield. Today, it serves a number of military functions, as well as a high-altitude testbed for civilian craft.[11]
Geography and climate[edit]
Cheyenne is located at
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 24.63 square miles (63.79 km2), of which, 24.52 square miles (63.51 km2) is land and 0.11 square miles (0.28 km2) is water.[2]
Climate[edit]
Cheyenne, like most of the rest of Wyoming, is semi-arid (Köppen BSk). Winters are cold and moderately long, but relatively dry, with a December average of 27.7 °F (−2.4 °C), highs that fail to reach freezing occur 35 days per year, and lows dip to the 0 °F (−18 °C) mark on 9.2 nights.[13] However, the cold is often interrupted, with chinook winds blowing downslope from the Rockies that can bring warm conditions, bringing the high above 50 °F (10 °C) on 20 days from December to February.[14] Snowfall is greatest in March and April, averaging 60 inches (152 cm) for the season, yet thick snow cover rarely stays.[14][14] Summers are warm, with a July average of 69.4 °F (20.8 °C), and highs reaching 90 °F (32 °C) on 12 days. Spring and autumn are quick transitions, with the median freeze dates being May 12 and September 26.[14] The annual precipitation tends to be concentrated from May to August and is low during fall and winter, contributing to the area's 2980 hours (~68% of the possible total) of sunshine per year. on July 16, 1979 an F3 tornado struck Cheyenne causing one death and 40 injuries.[15] It was the most destructive tornado in Wyoming history.[16]
| [hide]Climate data for Cheyenne, Wyoming (Cheyenne Regional Airport), 1981–2010 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 66 (19) | 71 (22) | 77 (25) | 83 (28) | 91 (33) | 100 (38) | 100 (38) | 98 (37) | 95 (35) | 85 (29) | 75 (24) | 69 (21) | 100 (38) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 39.5 (4.2) | 40.5 (4.7) | 47.5 (8.6) | 54.9 (12.7) | 64.7 (18.2) | 75.3 (24.1) | 83.4 (28.6) | 81.2 (27.3) | 71.8 (22.1) | 58.8 (14.9) | 46.5 (8.1) | 38.2 (3.4) | 58.53 (14.74) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 18.0 (−7.8) | 18.6 (−7.4) | 24.4 (−4.2) | 30.8 (−0.7) | 40.2 (4.6) | 48.9 (9.4) | 55.5 (13.1) | 54.1 (12.3) | 44.7 (7.1) | 33.9 (1.1) | 24.2 (−4.3) | 17.3 (−8.2) | 34.22 (1.25) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −38 (−39) | −34 (−37) | −21 (−29) | −8 (−22) | 8 (−13) | 25 (−4) | 33 (1) | 25 (−4) | 8 (−13) | −5 (−21) | −21 (−29) | −28 (−33) | −38 (−39) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 0.33 (8.4) | 0.47 (11.9) | 1.04 (26.4) | 1.77 (45) | 2.34 (59.4) | 2.33 (59.2) | 2.19 (55.6) | 1.94 (49.3) | 1.48 (37.6) | 0.93 (23.6) | 0.58 (14.7) | 0.48 (12.2) | 15.90 (403.9) |
| Snowfall inches (cm) | 5.8 (14.7) | 8.0 (20.3) | 11.3 (28.7) | 10.3 (26.2) | 2.4 (6.1) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.3 (3.3) | 5.0 (12.7) | 7.8 (19.8) | 8.5 (21.6) | 60.5 (153.7) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 4.9 | 6.2 | 8.6 | 10.3 | 12.4 | 11.4 | 10.7 | 11.0 | 8.3 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 103.8 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 5.6 | 6.6 | 7.9 | 6.4 | 1.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 45.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 192.2 | 203.4 | 254.2 | 273.0 | 291.4 | 303.0 | 316.2 | 297.6 | 261.0 | 235.6 | 180.0 | 176.7 | 2,984.3 |
| Source: NOAA (extremes 1872−present)[13] HKO (sun only, 1961−1990)[17] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[edit]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1870 | 1,450 | ||
| 1880 | 3,456 | 138.3% | |
| 1890 | 11,690 | 238.3% | |
| 1900 | 14,087 | 20.5% | |
| 1910 | 11,320 | −19.6% | |
| 1920 | 13,829 | 22.2% | |
| 1930 | 17,361 | 25.5% | |
| 1940 | 22,474 | 29.5% | |
| 1950 | 31,935 | 42.1% | |
| 1960 | 43,505 | 36.2% | |
| 1970 | 41,254 | −5.2% | |
| 1980 | 47,283 | 14.6% | |
| 1990 | 50,008 | 5.8% | |
| 2000 | 53,011 | 6.0% | |
| 2010 | 59,466 | 12.2% | |
| Est. 2012 | 61,537 | 3.5% | |
1870-2000 census[19] 2012 estimate[4][20] | |||
At the 2005–2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates, the city's population was 89.3% White (79.2% non-Hispanic White alone), 12.7% Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 4.5% Black or African American, 2.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.1% Asian and 6.4% from some other race.[21] 22.5% of the total population had a Bachelor's degree or higher.[22]
2010 census[edit]
As of the census[3] of 2010, there were 59,466 people, 25,557 households, and 15,269 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,425.2 inhabitants per square mile (936.4 /km2). There were 27,283 housing units at an average density of 1,112.7 per square mile (429.6 /km2). The racial makeup of the city was 87.44% White, 2.88% African American, 0.96% Native American, 1.23% Asian, 0.20% Pacific Islander, 4.0% from other races, and 3.28%% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.45% of the population.
There were 25,557 households of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.3% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.92.
The median age in the city was 36.5 years. 24% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.9% were from 25 to 44; 26.2% were from 45 to 64; and 13.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female.
2000 census[edit]
As of the census[5] of 2000, there were 53,011 people, 22,324 households, 14,175 families residing in the city, and 81,607 people residing in the Metropolitan Statistical Area making it the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Wyoming. The population density was 2,511.4 inhabitants per square mile (969.6/km²). There were 23,782 housing units at an average density of 1,126.7 per square mile (435.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 88.1% White, 2.8% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 4.4% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. 12.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 22,324 households out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.5% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the city the population was spread out with 24.9% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $38,856, and the median income for a family was $46,771. Males had a median income of $32,286 versus $24,529 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,809. About 6.3% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.1% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over.
Government[edit]
Cheyenne's government consists of a mayor and a city council. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. The city council has nine members each of whom are elected from one of three wards. Each ward elects three members. The Mayors Office is responsible for managing the various City Departments which consist of Street/Alley, Police, Fire, Parks, Fleet Maintenance, Traffic, Sanitation, Downtown Historic District, Weed and Pest, Facilities Maintenance, and Cemetery. The Cheyenne Board of Public Utilities is owned by the city but is semi autonomous.[23]
Education[edit]
Primary and secondary schools[edit]
Public education in the city of Cheyenne is provided by Laramie County School District #1. The district is served by four high schools, Central High on the northwest side, East High on the east side, South High on the south side, and Triumph High, also on the south side.
Colleges and universities[edit]
Cheyenne is home to the Laramie County Community College (LCCC), as well as a branch of Institute of Business & Medical Careers, and a branch of University of Phoenix.
Economy[edit]
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2009) |
Government is the largest sector of Cheyenne's economy. The state of Wyoming operates a multitude of offices in downtown Cheyenne. Many area residents are employed by or are dependent on the U.S. Air Force, through F.E. Warren Air Force Base to the west of the city, or by the Wyoming National Guard. Railroads remain a major economic force for the city, with both the Burlington Northern Santa Fe and Union Pacific employing many residents.[24]
Steps have been taken in recent years to diversify the city's economy. Lowe's and Wal-Mart both operate distribution centers on the city's outskirts. Sierra Trading Post is headquartered in the city and also operates its distribution and fulfillment centers in the city.[25]
Cheyenne's high elevation, coupled with its position on the continent, make it one of the windiest cities in America. The abundance of wind makes Cheyenne an opportune place to develop wind energy. Wind turbines are currently being placed around Laramie County. Laramie County Community College is home to a leading wind energy technician program, where students learn to maintain these turbines. The opening of a Vestas wind turbine blade assembly in nearby Weld County, Colorado, as well as other alternative energy manufacturing facilities around Colorado, are transforming the region into a center for alternative energy.
Great Lakes Airlines and Taco John's are headquartered in Cheyenne.[26][27]
Cheyenne has one of only three enclosed shopping malls in Wyoming, the Frontier Mall. The other two are the Eastridge Mall in Casper, and the White Mountain Mall in Rock Springs.
List of tallest buildings in Cheyenne:
- Wyoming State Capitol 146 ft.
- Wyoming Financial Center 110 ft.
- Joseph C. O'Mahoney Federal Building 80 ft.
- Burke Senior Center 80 ft.
- Cheyenne Regional Medical Center 70 ft.
Culture[edit]
- Wyoming State Museum
- Cheyenne Little Theatre Players
- Cheyenne Frontier Days Old West Museum
- Wyoming Transportation Museum
- Terry Bison Ranch
Parks and Recreation[edit]
In addition to several parks, Cheyenne has many paths that make up the Greater Cheyenne Greenway. The greenway serves as a gateway to the parks and neighborhoods of Cheyenne. In 1996, as a result of the greenway, Cheyenne was named " Trail Town USA " by the National Park service and the American Hiking Society.[citation needed]
Professional sports[edit]
The Cheyenne Warriors were founded as an American Professional Football League team in 2012. After playing a season in the APFL, they announced a move to the Indoor Football League. Shortly after the owner of the team died in December 2012, the Warriors announced that they were forming the new Developmental Football League. After playing several games in this new league, the team folded in May 2013.
Landmarks[edit]
- Wyoming State Capitol
- Cheyenne Botanic Gardens
- F.E. Warren Air Force Base, one of the nation's oldest, continuously active installations (orig. U.S. Army).
- Nagle Warren Mansion
Historic places[edit]
Over fifty different locations in Cheyenne are listed on the National Register of Historical Places, including:
- The Historic Plains Hotel (added 1978)
- the Atlas Theatre (added 1973)
- Union Pacific Depot (1973)
- the Governor's Mansion (1969)
- Nagle-Warren Mansion (1976)
- First Presbyterian Church (1869)
- First United Methodist Church (1975)
- St. Mark's Episcopal Church (1970)
- St. Mary's Catholic Cathedral (1974)
- Cheyenne High School (2005)
- Storey Gymnasium (2005)
- Park Addition School (1970)
- Big Boy Steam Engine (1956)
- Nelson Museum of the West (2003)
Several districts in the city are also listed, including:
- the Downtown District (1978, with boundary increase in 1980, 1988, 1996. Encompasses 205 acres (0.83 km2) and 67 buildings)
- Lakeview District (1996, 350 acres 109 buildings)
- Rainsford District (1984, 1980 acres 288 buildings)
- Capitol North District (1980, 204 acres 112 buildings)
- Fort David A. Russell (1969, 6300 acres 19 buildings)
- Union Pacific Roundhouse, Turntable and Machine Shop (1992, 113 acres 2 buildings)
- South Side District (2006)
Transportation[edit]
Highways[edit]
Interstate highways[edit]
- North-South Interstate running from New Mexico to Wyoming intersects I-80 southwest of Cheyenne.
- East-West Interstate running from California to New Jersey. Intersects I-25 southwest of Cheyenne.
- North-South interstate that runs concurrent with US 85 from I-80 to US 30.
(It is the only Interstate Highway that is not up to Interstate Highway standards along its entire route)
US routes[edit]
US 30 (Lincolnway)
- East-West route through Cheyenne
US 85 (South Greely Highway, Central Avenue (Southbound), Warren Avenue (Northbound))
- North-South route through Cheyenne
- North-South through Cheyenne that runs concurrent with I-25 through Cheyenne
Wyoming state highways[edit]
WYO 210 (Happy Jack Road)
- East-West route from I-25/US 87 (Exit 10) west out of Cheyenne towards Laramie
WYO 212 (College Drive, Four Mile Road)
- North-South route that forms a beltway around Cheyenne. From I-25 (Exit 7) to WYO 219
WYO 219 (Yellowstone Road)
- North-South route from US 85 in Cheyenne near the Cheyenne Airport north out of the city
WYO 221 (Fox Farm Road)
- East-west route from US 85 east to WYO 212 in Cheyenne
WYO 222 (Fort Access Road)
- North-South route from WYO 225 just southeast of Cheyenne and travels north to F.E. Warren Air Force Base and continues on its north route east of the city to WYO 221
WYO 225 (Otto Road)
- East-West route from I-80/US 30 southwest of Cheyenne west
Local Bus Service[edit]
Cheyenne provides local hourly bus service from 6 a.m.-7 p.m. Monday-Friday and 10 a.m.-5 p.m. on Saturday. There is no Sunday service.
Airports[edit]
Cheyenne Regional Airport features daily service from Great Lakes Airlines to Denver.
Railroads[edit]
The Union Pacific and BNSF railroads intersect in Cheyenne. The city is home to a BNSF railyard, as well as the Union Pacific's steam program. UP's 844 and 3985 reside in the steam shop.[28]
Cheyenne Frontier Days[edit]
Cheyenne Frontier Days, which occurs during 10 days centered around the last full week in July, is the largest outdoor rodeo in the US. The events include professional bull riding, calf roping, barrel racing, steer wrestling, team roping, bronc riding, steer roping, bareback riding and many others. During this week there are many parades and other events. Additionally there is a carnival with numerous rides, games and shops.[29]
Media[edit]
- Wyoming Tribune Eagle newspaper
- The Cheyenne Herald (OCLC 51310460) was written and published by Dave Featherly from 2002–2012.[30]
- KGWN
Fictional references to Cheyenne[edit]
 | This section does not cite any references or sources. (January 2010) |
Movies and television[edit]
In the Spike TV series Blue Mountain State, the main characters Alex Moran and Sammy Cacciatore are from Cheyenne.
Three novels by Philip K. Dick are partly set in Cheyenne. In The Man in the High Castle, Hawthorne Abendsen lives in the eponymous "High Castle" in Cheyenne. In Dr. Bloodmoney, it is the seat of a military dictatorship. In The Penultimate Truth, several characters are linked by post-apocalyptic Cheyenne.
In the American serial drama Jericho, Cheyenne is the capital city of the Allied States of America, a separatist faction of the United States formed after a surprise nuclear attack on the country's major metropolitan areas.
In the 1984 motion picture Red Dawn, Cheyenne is the farthest north that the Cuban, Soviet, and Nicaraguan forces have pushed American forces. In the motion picture Ready to Rumble, the two main protagonists go to a live WCW Monday Night Nitro in Cheyenne.
Music[edit]
- Garth Brooks recorded the song "The Beaches of Cheyenne".
- James McMurtry wrote and recorded a song titled, "Lights of Cheyenne".
- Guided by Voices have a song titled "Cheyenne" on Universal Truths and Cycles.
- A B-side of The Hold Steady's Stay Positive is titled "Cheyenne Sunrise" ("there's nothing like a Cheyenne sunrise to make us has-beens feel too old").
- Country singer George Strait recorded the song "I Can Still Make Cheyenne".
- Country singer Eric Church makes reference to spurring a bull in Cheyenne in the song "These Boots".
- Country singer Chris Young's song "Neon" starts off with a reference to the skies in Cheyenne, Wyoming ("The sky in Cheyenne, Wyoming is just about as blue as it gets").
- The 80's and 90's rock'n roll band Del Lords made a song "Cheyenne" about the city.
- The band The Grateful Dead make reference to Cheyenne in the song "Jack Straw".
- Progressive bluegrass group Yonder Mountain String Band makes reference to Cheyenne in the song "The Winds of Wyoming".
Notable people[edit]
| This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2012) |
- Vernon Baker, Medal of Honor recipient[31]
- James Emmett Barrett, United States federal judge[32]
- Harriet Elizabeth Byrd, first African-American to serve in the Wyoming Legislature[33]
- Dino Costa, National sports talk host, SiriusXM Radio[34]
- Sammy Davis, Jr., entertainer, drafted in 1944 and attended boot camp at Fort Warren[citation needed]
- Neil Diamond, singer, lived in Cheyenne during his father's military service in the World War II era[35]
- David R. Edwards, late state representative from Converse County was born in Cheyenne in 1938.[36]
- Floyd Esquibel, member of the Wyoming Senate and former member of the Wyoming House of Representatives[37]
- James M. Flinchum, editor-in-chief of former Wyoming State Tribune from 1961 to 1985[38]
- Shirley E. Flynn, Cheyenne historian and author[39]
- John Frullo, former Cheyenne resident and member of the Texas House of Representatives from Lubbock[40]
- John Godina, Shot putter, won a silver medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and a bronze medal at the 2000 Sydney games[41]
- Mark Gordon, state treasurer since 2012[42]
- Curt Gowdy, national sportscaster[43]
- Robert Mills Grant, rancher, expert in branding law, state representative, was born and died in Cheyenne but spent his life in Platte County.[44]
- Charles G. Hall, photojournalist[45]
- Wild Bill Hickok, gunfighter and lawman[46]
- Cindy Hill, Wyoming superintendent of public instruction since 2011[47]
- Robert Holding, founder of Little America Hotels[48]
- Tom Horn, American Old West lawman, scout, soldier, hired gunman, detective, outlaw and assassin[49]
- James Johnson, forward for the Sacramento Kings[50]
- Raymond A. Johnson, aviation pioneer[51]
- William T. Kane, physicist in field of fiber optics[52]
- Chris LeDoux, rodeo champion and country music legend; graduate of Cheyenne Central High[53]
- Cynthia Lummis, former Wyoming state treasurer and member of the United States House of Representatives[54]
- Joseph B. Meyer, Wyoming attorney general and state treasurer[55]
- Jennifer Nichols, archer who competed in the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics[56]
- Brandon Nimmo, Professional Baseball player for the New York Mets[57]
- Leslie Osterman, member of the Kansas House of Representatives from Wichita; Cheyenne native[58]
- Charles E. Richardson, newspaper publisher, Rock Springs Daily Rocket-Miner; retired to Cheyenne[59]
- Tracy Ringolsby, sportswriter and sportscaster[60]
- Edwin H. Whitehead, former member of the Wyoming House of Representatives and leader of the John F. Kennedy forces in Wyoming in 1960[61]
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