Vermont

Burlington, Vermont

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Burlington, Vermont

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Burlington, Vermont
City
Burlington seen from Lake Champlain

Seal
Nickname(s): The Queen City
Location in Vermont
Coordinates: 44°28′33″N 073°12′43″W / 44.47583°N 73.21194°W / 44.47583; -73.21194Coordinates: 44°28′33″N 073°12′43″W / 44.47583°N 73.21194°W / 44.47583; -73.21194[1]
Country United States
State Vermont
County Chittenden
Settled 1783
Organized (town) 1785
Incorporated (city) 1865
Government
 • Mayor Miro Weinberger (D)
Area
 • City 15.5 sq mi (40.1 km2)
 • Land 10.6 sq mi (27.4 km2)
 • Water 4.9 sq mi (12.7 km2)
Elevation[1] 200 ft (61 m)
Population (2010)[2][3]
 • City 42,417
 • Density 3,682.0/sq mi (1,421.6/km2)
 • Urban 108,740
 • Urban density 1,760.8/sq mi (679.8/km2)
 • Metro 211,261
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 05401-05402, 05405-05406, 05408
Area code(s) 802
FIPS code 50-10675[2]
GNIS feature ID 1456663[1][4]
Website BurlingtonVT.gov

Burlington is the largest city in the U.S. state of Vermont and the shire town (county seat)[5] of Chittenden County.[6] Burlington lies 45 miles (72 km) south of the U.S.-Canadian (Vermont-Quebec) border and some 94 miles (151 km) south of Montreal. Burlington had a population of 42,417 at the 2010 census. The city is the hub of the Burlington-South Burlington metropolitan area, consisting of the three northwestern Vermont counties of Chittenden, Franklin and Grand Isle and encompassing the cities of Burlington, South Burlington, and Winooski; the towns of Colchester, Essex, and Williston; and the village of Essex Junction. According to 2010 U.S. Census estimates, the metro area had an estimated population of 211,261, approximately one third of Vermont's total population.[7][8]

Etymology[edit source | editbeta]

Some believe Burlington was named after Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington. Others assert that the name honors the politically prominent and wealthy Burling family of New York. While no family members are listed as grantees of this town, the family held large tracts of land in other nearby towns, some of which were granted on the same day as Burlington.[9]

History[edit source | editbeta]

See also: Timeline of Burlington, Vermont history
Church Street in 1907

One of the New Hampshire grants, it was awarded by Governor Benning Wentworth on June 7, 1763 to Samuel Willis and 63 others.[10] In the summer of 1775, land clearing began and two or three log huts were erected, but the Revolution delayed permanent settlement until 1783, when Stephen Lawrence arrived with his family. The town was organized in 1785.[10]

A similar view of The Church Street Marketplace, 2008

The War of 1812 was unpopular in Vermont. Along with the rest of New England, Vermont did not provide militia units or financial support – a serious blow to the cause. Vermont voted for the Federalist party, which opposed the war.[11] Nevertheless, 5,000 troops were stationed there at one point during the War of 1812, outnumbering residents; about 500 of them died of disease.[12] Some soldiers were quartered in the main building at the University of Vermont. A memorial plaque commemorates them.[13]

Burlington from the lake in 1858
The Van Ness House, built 1870, once the largest hotel in Burlington

In a skirmish on August 2, 1813, the British shelled Burlington. This has either been cited as a bold stroke by the British with an ineffectual response from the Americans, or a weak sally by the British, properly ignored by the Americans, depending on who related the story. The cannonade lasted for about ten minutes and did not affect the outcome of the war. The American side was commanded by Naval Lieutenant Thomas Macdonough, later hero of the Battle of Lake Champlain.[11]

The town's position on Lake Champlain helped it develop into a port of entry and center for trade, particularly after completion of the Champlain Canal in 1823, the Erie Canal in 1825, and the Chambly Canal in 1843. Wharves allowed steamboats to connect freight and passengers with the Rutland & Burlington Railroad and Vermont Central Railroad. Burlington became a bustling lumbering and manufacturing center, and incorporated as a city in 1865. Its Victorian era prosperity left behind much fine architecture, including buildings by Ammi B. Young, H. H. Richardson and McKim, Mead & White. The city was a filming location for Me, Myself & Irene (2000) and What Lies Beneath (2000).

In 1870, the waterfront was extended by construction of the Pine Street Barge Canal.[14] This became polluted over the years and is a focus for cleanup in 2009.[15]

The ice cream enterprise Ben & Jerry's was founded here in 1978 in a renovated gas station.

Current U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders was the democratic socialist mayor of Burlington from 1981 to 1989.

In 2007, the city was named one of the top four "places to watch" in the United States by the AARP.[16] Ratings were based on what was perceived as ideal for older residents. Criteria included what makes a community livable: new urbanism, smart growth, mixed-use development, and easy-living standards.

In 2010, the city-owned Burlington Telecom cable provider was unable to pay the city of Burlington $17 million it owed. As a result, Moody's downrated the debt for the city two notches to A2, "upper medium" from Aa3, "high quality." Moody's also downrated the credit rating for Burlington International Airport.[17]

Geography[edit source | editbeta]

Lake Champlain from the Burlington wharves
Burlington
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
 
 
2.2
 
27
9
 
 
1.7
 
29
11
 
 
2.3
 
40
22
 
 
2.9
 
53
34
 
 
3.3
 
68
45
 
 
3.4
 
77
55
 
 
4
 
81
60
 
 
4
 
78
58
 
 
3.8
 
69
50
 
 
3.1
 
56
39
 
 
3.1
 
44
30
 
 
2.2
 
32
17
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Source: NOAA [18]

The city is situated on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, north of Shelburne Bay. It was built on a strip of land extending about 6 miles (9.7 km) south from the mouth of the Winooski River along the lake shore and rises from the water's edge to a height of 300 feet (91 m).[19]

A large ravine in what is now downtown, was filled in with refuse and raw sewage in the 19th century to make way for further development.[20]

Climate[edit source | editbeta]

Burlington has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with cold winters and very warm, humid summers. The monthly daily average temperatures ranges from 18.7 °F (−7.4 °C) in January to 70.6 °F (21.4 °C) in July. The annual precipitation of 36.8 inches (935 mm) is well-distributed throughout the year, but the summer months are the wettest. The city's location east of Lake Champlain sometimes accounts for localized snow squalls, producing up to 13 inches (33 cm) in 12 hours on rare occasions.[21] Annual snowfall averages 85 inches (216 cm), but this figure can fluctuate greatly from one year to another. Extremes have ranged from −30 °F (−34 °C) on January 15, 1957 and February 12, 1979 to 101 °F (38 °C) on August 11, 1944.[22] The most snowfall from a single storm is 33.1 inches (84.1 cm), which fell January 2–3, 2010.[23]

For the Northeast United States, a heat wave is defined as having three consecutive days of 90 °F (32 °C) or more. There were six such heat waves from 2000–2009.[24]

Transportation[edit source | editbeta]

Bus[edit source | editbeta]

Burlington is the central focus of the Chittenden County Transportation Authority (CCTA), providing bus service to and from the surrounding communities (and the shopping districts of South Burlington and Williston).

On June 15, 2011, the CCTA announced that it had changed its charter, effective July 1, 2011, to allow municipalities outside Chittenden County to join CCTA as member communities, thereby allowing CCTA to become Vermont’s first regional transit authority. As part of its expansion, the CCTA will merge with the Green Mountain Transit Authority (GMTA), which provides bus service in the Barre/Montpelier area and surrounding communities in central Vermont.[27]

Greyhound provides intercity bus service from the Burlington International Airport to other communities in Vermont as well as to Montreal's Gare d'autocars de Montreal, Boston's South Station and Logan International Airport, while Megabus provides non-stop service between Burlington and Boston and service to New York City with intermediate stops in Saratoga Springs, NY or Amherst, MA and Hartford, CT.

Rail[edit source | editbeta]

Though Burlington does not have any active railroad connections, there is an Amtrak station 10 miles away in Essex Junction.

In January, 2013 Vermont Governor Peter Shumlin proposed extending the Ethan Allen Express from Rutland to Burlington, the state's largest city. The proposal would create a regional rail corridor connecting Albany, Saratoga Springs, Rutland and Burlington and their combined metro populations of around 1.25 million inhabitants.[28]

Burlington is also the headquarters of the Lake Champlain Transportation Company with seasonal service provided between Burlington's King Street ferry terminal and Port Kent, New York. From the late nineteenth century to 1953 the Rutland Railroad provided passenger service on the Green Mountain Flyer and the Mount Royal from Burlington to Chatham, New York, with connecting service to New York City via the New York Central Railroad. The last train north to Alburgh in the extreme northwest of the state was in 1948. From 1916 this service was provided at the new Union Station on the Lake Champlain waterfront.[29] From 2000 to 2003 the Champlain Flyer was a commuter service from Burlington south to Charlotte.

Air[edit source | editbeta]

Air carriers at Burlington International Airport provide the area with commercial service to major regional hubs and international airports. While scheduled carriers have not traditionally offered scheduled commercial flights to destinations outside the United States, there is a Customs Port of Entry for unscheduled flights.[30] In December, 2011, Porter Airlines began offering seasonal scheduled service from Toronto, ontario, Canada.[31]

Major Road routes[edit source | editbeta]

Burlington is served by one major Interstate highway (along with its spur route into the southern part of the city), and is at the junction of two U.S. highways. Several Vermont state highways also provide routes into and through the Burlington area.

Because Burlington is located on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain at one of the lake's widest points, there is ferry access from the west.

  • I-89.svg Interstate 89 - Though it does not directly enter the Burlington city limits, I-89 has interchanges in neighboring South Burlington, Winooski, and Colchester that provide access to downtown.
  • I-189.svg Interstate 189
  • US 2.svg U.S. Route 2 is the main east-west route entering Burlington. After entering the city from the east, westbound U.S. 2 turns north to run concurrently with U.S. 7 towards Winooski and Colchester. The intersection with Interstate 89 is used by 42,000 cars daily.[32]
  • US 7.svg U.S. Route 7 is the main north-south route through Burlington. Northbound U.S. 7 joins westbound U.S. 2 in downtown Burlington, and the two routes run concurrently north to Colchester.

Demographics[edit source | editbeta]

Noon hour at the Queen City Mill, 1909, photograph by Lewis Hine
Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1790 330
—
1800 816 147.3%
1810 1,690 107.1%
1820 2,111 24.9%
1830 3,526 67.0%
1840 4,271 21.1%
1850 7,585 77.6%
1860 7,713 1.7%
1870 13,596 76.3%
1880 11,365 −16.4%
1890 14,590 28.4%
1900 18,640 27.8%
1910 20,468 9.8%
1920 22,779 11.3%
1930 24,789 8.8%
1940 27,686 11.7%
1950 33,155 19.8%
1960 35,531 7.2%
1970 38,633 8.7%
1980 37,712 −2.4%
1990 39,127 3.8%
2000 38,889 −0.6%
2010 42,417 9.1%
Est. 2011 42,645 0.5%
U.S. Decennial Census
2011 estimate

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 42,417 people residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 88.9% White, 3.9% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 3.6% Asian, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7% of the population.

There were 16,851 households and the average number of persons per household was 2.13.[33]

At the 2005-2007 American Community Survey Estimates, the city's population was 94.4% White (91.1% non-Hispanic White alone), 3.5% Black or African American, 0.8% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.0% Asian, 1.0% from some other race and 1.7% from two or more races. About 30% of the population has French or French-Canadian ancestry, the largest group of the total population. 2.4% of the total population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[34]

Economy[edit source | editbeta]

Burlington's economy is based mostly on education and health services; trade, transportation and utilities. There is some manufacturing.

Personal income[edit source | editbeta]

As of the census of 2000,[2] the median income for a household in the city was $33,070, and the median income for a family was $46,012. Males had a median income of $30,144 versus $25,270 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,011. About 10.4% of families and 20.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.4% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.

There were 4,989 single-family owner-occupied homes. Their median value was $131,200.[35]

Industry[edit source | editbeta]

The largest employer in the city proper is Fletcher Allen Health Care and The University of Vermont (employing 6823 and 3137 people, respectively). Corporate headquarters located here include: Dealer.com, Burton Snowboards, Bruegger's, Seventh Generation Inc., and Lake Champlain Chocolates. Downtown on Church Street is the Burlington Town Center mall with over 75 specialty shops and 15 national retailers.

Forbes magazine selected the city as one of the "prettiest" towns in America in 2010, featuring a picture of the Church Street Marketplace.[36]

The G.S. Blodgett Company, one of the oldest and largest commercial oven companies in the country, manufactures restaurant equipment. Its history dates back to the mid-19th century.

Ben & Jerry's began in 1978 when Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield opened their first ice cream scoop shop in an old gas station in Burlington.[37]

General Electric develops software for the healthcare industry in South Burlington at the former headquarters of IDX Systems, which it purchased in 2006. Vermont Teddy Bear Company whose founder started on a cart on a Burlington street, is now a publicly traded company that ships custom teddy bears worldwide.

General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products division employs 450 workers locally. A solely owned subsidiary, the division is based here.[38]

Dealer.com, a leading automotive internet marketing company, employed over 450 employees as of March 2011.[39]

Retailing[edit source | editbeta]

Church Street Marketplace

One measure of economic activity is retail sales. Burlington was fifth in the state in 2007 with $242.2 million.[40]

The Church Street Marketplace, a four-block pedestrian mall in the heart of the city, is the site of festivals throughout the year. Events such as the South End Art Hop and public galleries such as The Firehouse Gallery and Pine Street Art Works, provide a forum for the visual arts in the South End. The American Planning Association named the Marketplace one of America's "Great Public Spaces" for 2008.[41]

Tourism[edit source | editbeta]

A Festival of Fools had an estimated 25,000 attendees at the Church Street Marketplace in 2009.[42] The Vermont Brewers Festival had 9,600 attendees in 2009.[42] The Giant Pumpkin Regatta and Festival had 5,000 attendees in 2009. In 2008, Saturday Night Live satirized the event.[42] one of the largest year round farmers market in the state is located there.

Real estate[edit source | editbeta]

In 2008, vacancy rates for office space reached 4.5%, high for the city but low compared to the surrounding suburbs.

Public Library[edit source | editbeta]

The Fletcher Free Library the first of the four public libraries in Vermont funded by the Andrew Carnegie Foundation, is the largest and busiest public library in the state. The original Fletcher Free Library was endowed by Mary Martha Fletcher, the daughter of a local businessman, in the 1870s, and was located on Church St. in a building adjacent to City Hall. The Carnegie library building was built on College Street in 1904, and expanded in the 1970s. In addition to its primary services as Burlington's public library, it is also a community center, a cultural resource for newly arrived immigrants to the Burlington area, and the City's only free public access computer center.

Social services[edit source | editbeta]

The HowardCenter, headquartered here, provides social services to state residents. The Howard Center runs Vermont's first and the area's only methadone maintenance program, the Chittenden Clinic.

Competitiveness[edit source | editbeta]

Burlington has the 6th lowest unemployment rate of all metro areas (2011) at just 4.8%. Real wages were $39,980 in 2006 constant dollars and remained there to 2010; the state was $33,385; the nation, $36,871.[43]

Government[edit source | editbeta]

Burlington City Hall at the intersection of Church Street and Main Street

Burlington has a city council-mayor form of government.[44] Democrats and the Progressive Party make up the majority of the council. Miro Weinberger, the current mayor,[45] is a Democrat who was elected in 2012.[46] The City Council has fourteen seats, which are currently occupied by seven Democrats, four Progressives (all in Ward 2 & 3), two Independents (one in each Ward 1 & 6) and one Republican (Ward 7).[47] Peter Clavelle, Burlington's longest serving mayor, held that office from 1989 to 1993, and again from 1995 to 2006.[48]

The large transient student population votes in local, as well as state and national elections, resulting in a considerable impact on local elections.[49] The city signed up 2,527 new voters in the six weeks from September 1, 2008. This is the highest number for that time frame in nine years or longer.[49]

The city was ranked "average" nationally in political involvement in 2008.[50]

The general fund for 2011, starting July 1, 2010, was $47.976 million.[51]

As a non-profit institution, The University of Vermont pays no real estate taxes, though like many other schools, it does make an annual payment in lieu of taxes. In 2007, the college agreed to raise this from $456,006 to $912,011 in 2010 plus a "public works" supplement rising from $180,040 to $191,004 over the same time frame.[52]

The city maintains three parks on Lake Champlain. one is free, while the other two have parking fees.

The city owns the local cable television. In 2008, cable management tried to drop Al-Jazeera English from the lineup. This was successfully thwarted by protesters and the station was, in 2009, one of three "small cable operators" in the nation to carry this channel.[53][54]

Like many Vermont municipalities, Burlington owns its own power company, Burlington Electric Department. In 2009, the department announced that it would purchase 40% of the 40 MW Sheffield wind-generated electricity when it becomes available.[55]

In 2009, Moody's confirmed the city's bond rating at AA3, "high" quality, the second best rank.[56]

Health[edit source | editbeta]

Burlington is the home of Fletcher Allen Health Care, a tertiary referral hospital for Vermont and northern New York State, Level I Trauma Center, and teaching hospital.

In 2006, Burlington was rated the ninth-best city to live in. The criteria were health, quality of life, and fitness.[57] In 2007, it was rated 11th out of 100, for auto safety. The criteria were observing speed limits, accident infrequency, and seatbelt use.[58] In 2008 it was ranked second out of 100 for "greenest driving."[59] Criteria included gasoline consumption, and air quality. In 2008, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that Burlington is tops among U.S. metropolitan areas by having the largest proportion of people – 92 percent – who say they are in good or great health. The report went on to rate it best in exercise and lowest in obesity, diabetes, and other measures of ill health. In 2009, Children's Health Magazine rated Burlington the best city in the country to raise a family.[60] In 2010, the government banned smoking within 25 feet (7.6 m) of the city's parks and recreational areas.[61]

 

Colleges[edit source | editbeta]

University of Vermont – Old Mill building
Champlain College

The University of Vermont (UVM), Burlington College, and Champlain College are located in this college town. The Community College of Vermont had a site located in Burilngton, until 2010, when a new building in the neighboring town of Winooski was constructed for the college.

Religion[edit source | editbeta]

The episcopal see for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Burlington is in Burlington. Christ Church Presbyterian, First United Methodist Church, North Avenue Alliance Church, Church at the Well (non-denominational), and First Unitarian Universalist Society are also in Burlington. The Conservative Ohavi Zedek synagogue is located here. There is also an active Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).

Culture and landmarks[edit source | editbeta]

Burlington has the largest public library in Vermont, the Carnegie Building of the Fletcher Free Library. In 2002, it had a budget of over $1 million, circulated more books, had more visitors, and had more computers, than any other library in Vermont.[65] Unlike most libraries in Vermont, it is publicly owned. The building was originally endowed by Andrew Carnegie. It is on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Burlington waterfront along the shore of Lake Champlain has bench swings and paths for walking and biking. ECHO Lake Aquarium and Science Center,[66] housed in Vermont's first Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Certified Green Building, is located at the waterfront and harbors over seventy species of fish, amphibians, invertebrates, and reptiles.

Dragon boat races to benefit charity have been held in Lake Champlain in August since 2006.[67] In 2009, there were approximately 2,000 participants on 86 teams.[68]

There has been an annual First Night community celebration of the arts on New Year's Eve since 1982. Burlington was the fourth city to embrace this concept.[69]

Burlington's own drag troupe, the House of LeMay,[70] performs several shows a year, hosts the annual "Winter is a Drag Ball,"[71] and raises funds for numerous charities. The House of LeMay is the subject of the documentary, "Slingbacks and Syrup" which premiered at the 2008 Vermont International Film Festival in Burlington.

The Emily Post Institute, an etiquette organization, is headquartered here.

Besides being the smallest U.S. city to be the largest city in its state, Burlington is also the home of the shortest "tallest building" in any of the 50 US states, Decker Towers.[72]

The five tallest buildings in Burlington rank as follows:[73]

Rank Name Image Height
ft / m		 Floors Year
1 Decker Towers Decker towers BTV.jpg 124 / 37.8 11 1970
2 Burlington Square 116 / 35 8
3 Westlake Residential 107.5 / 33 9
4 Key Bank 105 / 32 8
5 Cathedral Square 103.33 / 31 10

Local music[edit source | editbeta]

The city has, over the years, supported a number of local bands as various "scenes" waxed and waned, and has even launched a handful of national acts. The most famous of these is Phish, which originated at The University of Vermont circa 1983.

Other acts with ties to the city include Strangefolk, The Essex Green, RAQ, James Kochalka, The Jazz Mandolin Project, Pork Tornado, Anais Mitchell, Greg Davis, Koushik, Grace Potter and the Nocturnals, Dispatch, Prydein, Eugene Hutz of Gogol Bordello, Morgan Page and KT Tunstall.

Local art[edit source | editbeta]

The South End Art Hop, also known as the Art Hop, and Burlington Art Hop, is an annual event presented by the South End Arts and Business Association (SEABA) of Burlington, Vermont. Artists join businesses, artist studios, and galleries, which in turn open their doors to the public throughout the post-industrial section of Burlington, known as the “South End”.

The first Art Hop in 1993 had a little less than thirty artists and a dozen sites participating. In 2008, over 600 artists showcased their works in over 100 sites throughout the South End of Burlington. The event takes place on the Friday and Saturday following Labor Day in September.

 

 

Sites of interest[edit source | editbeta]

Aerial view of Burlington.

Gallery[edit source | editbeta]

Portal icon Vermont portal

  • University of Vermont (UVM) Williams Hall

  • UVM Old Mill Building

  • UVM Ira Allen Chapel

  • Sailboats on Lake Champlain

  • Artwork created on Lake Champlain

  • Lake Champlain at dusk

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