Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec
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Notre-Dame de QuébecLocationCountryDenominationHistoryStatusFoundedFounder(s)DedicationArchitectureFunctional statusDesignatedArchitect(s)Architectural typeCompletedAdministrationArchdioceseNational Historic Site of CanadaOfficial nameDesignated
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Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec in 2012 |
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Notre-Dame de Québec Location within the province of Quebec |
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| 46°48′49.61″N 71°12′21.97″WCoordinates: 46°48′49.61″N 71°12′21.97″W | |
| 16, rue de Buade Quebec City, Quebec G1R 4A1 |
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| Canada | |
| Roman Catholic | |
| Cathedral, minor basilica | |
| 1647 | |
| François de Laval | |
| Virgin Mary | |
| Functional | |
| 1989 | |
| Jean Baillairgé | |
| Neoclassical | |
| 1843 | |
| Quebec | |
| Notre-Dame Roman Catholic Cathedral National Historic Site of Canada | |
| 1989 | |
The Cathedral-Basilica of Notre-Dame de Québec ("Our Lady of Quebec City"), located at 16, rue de Buade, Quebec City, Quebec, is the primatial church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec.[1] It is the oldest church in Canada and was the first church in Canada to be elevated to the rank of minor basilica, by Pope Pius IX in 1874. Four governors of New France and the bishops of Quebec are buried in the crypt, including François de Laval, Quebec's first bishop.
The church is a National Historic Site of Canada,[2] and located within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Historic District of Old Québec.[3]
Contents
History[edit]
The cathedral is located on the site of a chapel, Notre Dame de la Recouvrance, constructed by Samuel de Champlain in 1633. Construction of the first cathedral building began in 1647, and it was given the name Notre-Dame de la Paix.[4]
Plans from 1744, used during the reconstruction of the church in 1759
The cathedral has twice been destroyed by fire, the first time being during the Siege of Quebec in 1759. It was rebuilt from plans by Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry draughted in 1743. The belltower, however, was designed by Jean Baillairgé, who also oversaw construction. The interior was designed by Jean Baillairgé and his son François from 1786–1822. In 1843, François' son, Thomas, suggested a reconstruction of the façade to resemble the church of Sainte-Geneviève in Paris, resulting in the finest Neo-classic façade in Québec. The cathedral was richly decorated with impressive works of art: baldaquin, canopy, episcopal throne dais, stained glass windows, paintings, and chancel lamp (a gift of Louis XIV).
In 1922 the church was again gutted by fire, this time by the Canadian faction of the Ku Klux Klan, and restored by architects Maxime Roisin and Raoul Chenevert.[5][6] Raoul Chenevert added a presbytery beside the Cathedral in 1931-32[7]
In 2014 the cathedral celebrated its 350th anniversary. As part of the celebrations, a holy door was constructed—the second outside Europe and only the eighth in the world. The holy door was opened on December 8, 2013 and remained open until December 28, 2014. It again opened from December 8, 2015 to November 20, 2016 for the Year of Mercy after which it was sealed until 2025.[8][9]
The cathedral was designated as a national historic site of Canada in 1989 because "...of its long and close associations with the history of New France; its influence on subsequent ecclesiastical architecture and interior decoration in Québec.[10]
See also[edit]
- Jean Lemire, the master carpenter who constructed the south steeple of an early iteration of the church, 1684
- List of cathedrals in Canada
- Roman Catholic Marian churches
References[edit]
- ^ Laurendeau, Paul. "Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral-Basilica", The Canadian Encyclopedia, March 3, 2016
- ^ Notre-Dame Roman Catholic Cathedral National Historic Site of Canada. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 2011-09-10.
- ^ GCatholic.org.
- ^ Doughty, A. G. (1919). "Quebec". Encyclopedia Americana. 23. New York: Encyclopedia American Corporation. p. 75. Retrieved 2019-12-19.
- ^ "biography in Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada 1800-1950". Retrieved December 7, 2018.
- ^ Appleblatt, Anthony (1976). "The School Question in the 1929 Saskatchewan Provincial Election". Canadian Catholic Historical Association Study Sessions. Canadian Catholic Historical Association. 43: 75–90.
- ^ http://www.dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/architects/view/1614 Archived 2014-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Raoul Chenevert (architect)
- ^ Scrivener, Leslie (2013-06-03). "Holy Door opens in Quebec, the first outside of Europe". thestar.com. The Star. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
- ^ Kerwin, Cassandra (2015-01-07). "Holy Door at the Basilica now sealed". Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph Online. Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph. Retrieved 2015-05-19.
- ^ Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, Minutes, 1989
External links[edit]
Media related to Basilique-cathédrale Notre-Dame de Québec at Wikimedia Commons
Basilicas of the Catholic Church in Canada
National Historic Sites of Canada by location
- Basilica churches in Canada
- Roman Catholic churches in Quebec City
- Roman Catholic cathedrals in Quebec
- National Historic Sites in Quebec
- Neoclassical architecture in Canada
- Roman Catholic churches completed in 1843
- 19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings
- Roman Catholic churches completed in 1922
- Burned buildings and structures in Canada
- Rebuilt buildings and structures in Canada
- Roman Catholic churches on the National Historic Sites of Canada register
- Heritage immovables of Quebec
- 1843 establishments in Canada
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