The Inn of the Sixth Happiness
| The Inn of the Sixth Happiness | |
|---|---|
.jpeg) Original film poster | |
| Directed by | Mark Robson |
| Produced by | Buddy Adler |
| Written by | Alan Burgess |
| Screenplay by | Isobel Lennart |
| Based on | The Small Woman 1957 biography by Alan Burgess |
| Starring | |
| Music by | Malcolm Arnold |
| Cinematography | Freddie Young |
| Edited by | Ernest Walter |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | 20th Century Fox |
Release date | 23 November 1958 (World Premiere, London) |
Running time | 158 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language |
|
| Budget | $3,570,000[1] |
| Box office | $4.4 million (est. US/ Canada rentals)[2] |
The Inn of the Sixth Happiness is a 1958 20th Century Fox film based on the true story of Gladys Aylward, a tenacious British woman, who became a missionary in China during the tumultuous years leading up to the Second World War. Directed by Mark Robson, who received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Director, the film stars Ingrid Bergman as Aylward and Curt Jürgens as her love interest, Captain Lin Nan, a Chinese officer with a Dutch father. Robert Donat, who played the mandarin of the town in which Aylward lived, died before the film was released. The musical score was composed and conducted by Malcolm Arnold. The cinematography was by Freddie Young.
The film was shot in Snowdonia, North Wales.[3] Most of the children in the film were ethnic Chinese children from Liverpool, home to one of the oldest Chinese communities in Europe.[4][5]
Plot[edit]
The story begins with Aylward (Ingrid Bergman) being rejected as a potential missionary to China because of her lack of education. Dr. Robinson (Moultrie Kelsall), the senior missionary, feels sorry for her and secures her a position in the home of a veteran explorer with contacts in China. Over the next few months, Aylward saves her money to purchase a ticket on the Trans-Siberian railway, choosing the more dangerous overland route to the East because it is less expensive.
Once in China, she settles in the town of Yang Cheng, where she secures a post as assistant to a veteran missionary, Jeannie Lawson (Athene Seyler). Lawson has set up an inn for travelling merchants, where they can get a hot meal and hear stories from the Bible. The film follows Aylward's acculturation, culminating in her taking over the inn when Lawson dies in an accident.
The local Mandarin (Robert Donat) appoints Aylward, a stubborn but endearing woman, as his Foot Inspector to ensure that the ancient practice of foot binding is eradicated in the region he governs. She succeeds in this, and manages to put down a prison revolt as well, winning her the esteem of the local population and of the Mandarin. Meanwhile, however, China is being invaded by Japan, and Aylward is encouraged by Lin (Curt Jürgens) to leave. She refuses, and as the town of Yang Cheng comes under attack, she finds that she has fifty orphans in her care.
As the population prepares to evacuate the town, the Mandarin announces that he is converting to Christianity to honour Aylward and her work. She is now left alone with the children, aided by Li (Burt Kwouk), the former leader of the prison revolt she helped to resolve. Lin tells her that the only hope for safety is to take the children to the next province, where trucks will evacuate them to a safer area, but they must get there within three weeks, or the trucks will leave without them.
Just as they are preparing to leave, another fifty orphans appear from a neighbouring town, so Aylward and Li have no choice but to lead one hundred children on a trek across the countryside. Although it should only have taken them a week, the roads are infested with Japanese patrols, and the group has to cut across the mountains. After a long, difficult journey, they all arrive safely (except for Li, who died to save them from a Japanese patrol) on the day the trucks are to leave. Aylward is greeted by Dr. Robinson, and she reminds him of how he rejected her as a missionary years before.
The film culminates with the column of children, led by Aylward, marching into the town, singing the song "This Old Man" to keep up their spirits.
Cast[edit]
- Ingrid Bergman as Gladys Aylward
- Curt Jürgens as Captain Lin Nan
- Robert Donat as the Mandarin of Yang Cheng
- Michael David as Hok-A
- Athene Seyler as Jeannie Lawson
- Ronald Squire as Sir Francis Jamison
- Moultrie Kelsall as Dr. Robinson
- Richard Wattis as Mr. Murfin
- Peter Chong as Yang
- Tsai Chin as Sui-Lan
- Edith Sharpe as Secretary at China Inland Mission
- Joan Young as Sir Francis' cook
- Lian-Shin Yang as Woman with Baby
- Noel Hood as Miss Thompson (credited as Noël Hood)
- Burt Kwouk as Li
- André Mikhelson as Russian Commissar (uncredited)
- Peter Foo as one of the kids (uncredited)
Production[edit]
The film was shot in CinemaScope using the DeLuxe Color process.
For the production of The Inn of the Sixth Happiness, 20th Century Fox rented space at MGM British Studios Borehamwood, where the Chinese villages were built on the backlot, with location scenes filmed in Nantmor, near Beddgelert in North Wales.
A gold-painted statue of Buddha that was used on a set for the film is now located in the Italianate village of Portmeirion, North Wales. Sean Connery was considered for the role of Captain Lin. His screen test can be seen on the DVD.
Since the film's release, the filmmakers have been criticised[citation needed] for casting Ingrid Bergman, a tall woman with a Swedish accent, as Gladys Aylward, who was in fact short and had a cockney accent. Likewise, the two male leads, British actor Robert Donat and Austrian actor Curt Jurgens were not even Chinese (though Jurgens' character is said to be half-Dutch). Singer Bill Elliott sang the hit song "The Inn of the Sixth Happiness" with the Cyril Stapleton Orchestra.
Historical accuracy[edit]
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The film was based on the biography The Small Woman (1957) by Alan Burgess.
The real Gladys Aylward (1902–1970) was born in London. She was a former domestic in the household of Sir Francis Younghusband turned missionary in China and is known for her work with children.[according to whom?] Aylward became a Chinese citizen in 1936. Four years later, despite being in ill health herself, she led more than 100 children over the mountains to safety at the height of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-45).
In 1958, the year of the film's release, she founded a children's home in Taiwan, which she continued to run until her death. Known in China as 真爱 (Zhēn'ài or Jen Ai) meaning true love or "the one who loves people" as she has grown to love the people dearly. She continues to be regarded as a national hero.
Gladys Aylward was deeply upset by the inaccuracy of the film. Although she found herself a figure of international interest thanks to the popularity of the film and television and media interviews, Aylward was mortified by her depiction in the film and the many liberties it took. The tall, Swedish Ingrid Bergman was inconsistent with Aylward's small stature, dark hair and cockney accent. The struggles of Aylward and her family to effect her initial trip to China were skipped over in favour of the plot device of her employer "condescending to write to 'his old friend' Jeannie Lawson", and Aylward's dangerous, complicated travels across Russia and China were reduced to "a few rude soldiers", after which "Hollywood's train delivered her neatly to Tsientsin."[6]
The names of many characters and places were changed, even when the names had significant meanings, such as those of Aylward's adopted children and of her inn, named for the Chinese belief in the number eight as an auspicious number. Captain Lin Nan was portrayed as half-European, a change which Aylward found insulting to his Chinese lineage. She also felt her reputation damaged by the Hollywood-embellished love scenes in the film; not only had she never kissed any man, but also the film's ending portrayed her character abandoning the orphans in order to join the captain elsewhere,[7] even though in reality she did not retire from working with orphans until she was 60 years old.[8] In real life, Aylward and Lin Nan were not reunited—he was lost in the war and she never knew what happened to him.[9]
Reception[edit]
The film was the second most popular film at the British box office in 1959.[10]
The film is recognised by American Film Institute in these lists:
- 2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
- Gladys Aylward – Nominated Hero[11]
- 2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated[12]
- 2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – Nominated[13]
References[edit]
- ^ Solomon, Aubrey. Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History (The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1989. ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1. p251
- ^ "1959: Probable Domestic Take", Variety, 6 January 1960 p 34
- ^ Wales hosts Hollywood blockbusters
- ^ "China Town - Liverpool". CITY PORTAL LIVERPOOL. 28 September 2009. Archived from the original on 12 October 2006.
- ^ Munck, Ronaldo (2003)."Ethnic Minority Perspectives". Reinventing the City?: Liverpool in Comparative Perspective. Liverpool University Press. p. 132. ISBN 0-85323-807-3.
- ^ Sam Wellman. Gladys Aylward: Missionary to China, Barbour Publishing Inc., 1998, page 197.
- ^ Wellman, page 198.
- ^ Wellman, page 201.
- ^ Heroes of History - Gladys Aylward
- ^ "Year Of Profitable British Films." Times [London, England] 1 Jan. 1960: 13. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 11 July 2012.
- ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ "AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 14 August 2016.
- ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 14 August 2016.
External links[edit]
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