Richard Upjohn
| Richard Upjohn | |
|---|---|
Upjohn oil portrait circa 1870 | |
| Born | (1802-01-22)22 January 1802 Shaftesbury, England, UK |
| Died | 16 August 1878(1878-08-16) (aged 76) Putnam County, New York, USA |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Buildings | Trinity Church in New York City The Edward King House in Newport, Rhode Island St. Paul's Cathedral in Buffalo, New York |
Richard Upjohn (22 January 1802 – 16 August 1878) was a British-born American architect who emigrated to the United States and became most famous for his Gothic Revival churches. He was partially responsible for launching the movement to such popularity in the United States. Upjohn also did extensive work in and helped to popularize the Italianate style. He was a founder and the first president of the American Institute of Architects. His son, Richard Mitchell Upjohn, (1828-1903), was also a well-known architect and served as a partner in his continued architectural firm in New York.[1][2]
Life and career[edit]
Richard Upjohn was born in Shaftesbury, England, where he was apprenticed to a builder and cabinet-maker. He eventually became a master-mechanic. He and his family emigrated to the United States in 1829. They initially settled in New Bedford, Massachusetts and then moved on to Boston in 1833, where he worked in architectural design.[2] He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1836.[3] His first major project was for the entrances to the Boston Common, the town's central park and his first church would be St. John's Episcopal Church in Bangor, Maine. He had relocated to New York City by 1839 where he worked on alterations to the famed Trinity Church on Wall Street in lower Manhattan. The alterations were later abandoned and he was commissioned to design a new church, completed in 1846, and still extant today. He published his extremely influential book, "Upjohn's rural architecture: Designs, working drawings and specifications for a wooden church, and other rural structures", in 1852. The designs in this publication were widely used across the country by builders, with many examples remaining.[1]
Upjohn, along with 13 other architects, co-founded the American Institute of Architects on February 23, 1857. He served as president of that organization from 1857 to 1876, being succeeded by Thomas Ustick Walter, fourth Architect of the Capitol. He went on the design many buildings in a variety of styles. He died at his home in Garrison, New York in 1878. Architectural drawings and papers by Upjohn and other family members are held by the Drawings and Archives Department of the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia University, in New York City, also by the New York Public Library's Humanities and Social Sciences Library, in the Manuscripts and Archives division, and by the Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C..[2]
He died on 16 August 1878 in Putnam County, New York of "softening of the brain", (Cerebral Softening).[4]
Veneration[edit]
Upjohn is honored together with Ralph Adams Cram and John LaFarge with a feast day on the liturgical calendar in the current 1979 "Book of Common Prayer" of the Episcopal Church in the U.S.A. on December 16.
Projects[edit]
Some of Upjohn's notable projects include:
- William Rotch, Jr. House in New Bedford, Massachusetts, (1834)
- Abiel Smith School, Boston, Massachusetts (1835)[5]
- St. John's Episcopal Church in Bangor, Maine, (1835–36, burned 1911)
- Trinity Church Wall Street, in New York City, (1839–46)
- Kingscote in Newport, Rhode Island, (1839)
- The Church of the Ascension, in New York City, (1840–41)
- Christ Church, Cobble Hill, Brooklyn, New York, (1841–42)
- Bethesda Episcopal Church, Saratoga Springs, New York, (1842)
- St. Thomas Episcopal Church, Newark, Delaware, (ca. 1843)
- Edward King House in Newport, Rhode Island, (1845–47)
- Grace Church, Providence, Rhode Island, (1845; with Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson)
- Church of the Holy Cross, Middletown, Rhode Island, (1845)
- Christ Church, Canaan, Connecticut, (1845–46)
- Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Cathedral, (Maronite), Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn, New York, (1846 as the Church of the Pilgrims, (Congregationalist)
- St. Mary's Episcopal Church in Burlington, New Jersey, (1846–54)
- Christ Episcopal Church, in Raleigh, North Carolina, (1846–48)
- St. Mary's Episcopal Church in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, (1847)
- Grace Church in Newark, New Jersey, (1847–48)
- 70-72 Mount Vernon Street, Boston, Massachusetts (1847–1848)[6]
- Grace Episcopal Church, Brooklyn, New York, (1847–49)
- All Saints' Episcopal Church, Briarcliff Manor, New York, (1848–54)[7]
- Lindenwald in Kinderhook, New York, (1849)
- James and Mary Forsyth House, Kingston, New York, (1849–50)
- St. Thomas Episcopal Church, Amenia Union, New York, (1849–51)
- St. Paul's Cathedral in Buffalo, New York, The Episcopal Church in the U.S.A., (1849–51)
- Zion Episcopal Church Zion Episcopal Church, in Rome, New York, (1850–1851)
- Church of St. John in the Wilderness, Church of St. John in the Wilderness, Columbia County, Copake Falls, New York, (1852)
- The Grove, Cold Spring, New York, (1852–53)
- St. John Chrysostom Church in Delafield, Wisconsin, (1851–56)
- Dorchester County Courthouse and Jail on The Eastern Shore, in Cambridge, Maryland, (1853)
- Madison Square Presbyterian Church in New York City, (1854)
- Christ Church (Episcopal) in Binghamton, New York, (1853–1855)
- Old St. Paul's Episcopal Church (North Charles and East Saratoga Streets), in Baltimore, Maryland, (1854) [fourth church, founded 1692],
- All Saints Episcopal Church in Frederick, Maryland, (1855)
- St. Mary's Episcopal Chapel in Raleigh, North Carolina, (1855)
- St. James Episcopal Church in Muncy, Pennsylvania, (1856)
- Christ Episcopal Church, Marlboro, New York, (1858)
- St. Mark's Episcopal Church, San Antonio, Texas, (1858)
- Trinity Chapel, Far Rockaway, Queens, New York City, (1858)
- Kenworthy Hall in Marion, Alabama, (1858–60)
- St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Albany, New York, (1859)
- Church of the Holy Comforter in Poughkeepsie, New York, (1860)
- Trinity Episcopal Church (Woodbridge, New Jersey), (1860)
- St. Philip's Church in the Highlands in Garrison, New York, (1860–61)
- St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in Providence, Rhode Island, (1860–62)
- Memorial Church of St. Luke The Beloved Physician, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, (1861)
- Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church, New Rochelle, New York, (1862)
- St. John' Chapel Hobart College, Geneva, New York, (1863)
- All Saint's Memorial Church in Navesink, New Jersey, (1863–64)
- Immanuel Episcopal Church, Bellows Falls, Vermont, (1863–67)
- St. Peter's Episcopal Church, Geneva, New York, (1868)
- Church of the Covenant in Boston, Massachusetts, (1865–1867)[8]
- St. Luke's Episcopal Church in Scranton, Pennsylvania, (1867)
- St. Mark's Episcopal Church in Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania, (1867)
- Christ Church Episcopal in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, (1867)[9]
- St. Thomas Episcopal Church on Fifth Avenue in New York City, (1870, burned 1905)
- St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Selma, Alabama, (1871–75)
- Boston Common, cast-iron railing fence design, Boston, Massachusetts [10]
- Green-wood Cemetery, North Gate Screen (1860's) and the Pierrepont[disambiguation needed] Family tomb (c.1860) in Green-wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York[11]
- Edwin A. Stevens Hall in Hoboken, New Jersey (1870)
- St. Mark's Cathedral, Salt Lake City, Utah, The Episcopal Church in the U.S.A., (1870)
- Trinity Church (Episcopal), Princeton, New Jersey, (1870)
- Grace Church/St. Agnes-by-the-Lake, Algoma, Wisconsin, (1879, burned 1884, replica constructed 1891)
- Trinity Episcopal Church in Litchfield, Minnesota, (1871)
- St. Margaret's Episcopal Church, Staatsburg, New York, (1892)
- Connecticut State Capitol building, Hartford, Connecticut, (1871-1878)
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